Kidney stones are treated based on their size, location and what type they are. Small kidney stones often pass through the urinary tract without any treatment. If a small kidney stone can be passed, it can be caught for a lab test to know it’s type and decide on further preventive treatment. Larger kidney stones or kidney stones that block the urinary tract or cause great pain need immediate treatment. The treatment method for a kidney stone also depends on the size of the stone, what it is made of, whether it is causing pain and whether it is blocking the urinary tract. Investigations such as urine test, blood test, x-ray and CT scan may determine the size, type and location of the stone to decide on the best treatment.
Less Water Intake
Consumption of oxalate food
Family History
Diabetes Hypertension Obesity And Metabolism Disorder
Ureteroscopy (URS) is a form of minimally invasive surgery using a small telescope that is passed through the urethra and into the ureter to remove a stone. Often the stone requires fragmentation with a laser which then allows the smaller fragments to removed with a grasping device. Only about 10-15% or urethral stones require surgical intervention. URS is approximately 95% successful in removing stones in the lower ureter and about 85-90% successful in treating and removing stones in the upper ureter and kidney.
URS is an outpatient procedure meaning that patients generally go home the same day. The procedure is typically done using general anesthesia however sometimes regional anesthesia can be used successfully in select cases. A preoperative antibiotic is usually given to prevent infection. The procedure can vary in length-sometimes as short as 20 minutes for small un-complicated stones, to one (1) or longer for larger, more complicated stones.
After the procedure, patients are awakened in the operating room and taken to the recovery room. Once all hospital discharge criteria are met, patients are allowed to go home. A friend or family member is required to accompany you home after the procedure. There are no limitations on physical activities upon discharge. We often recommend taking the day off from work after your procedure.
The success of the surgery depends on what type of tool and treatment is used during the procedure. The surgeon needs to use the right kind of equipment to check the internal issues of the patient which helps in conducting the surgery correctly.
RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) is the method of viewing tube which is known as a fiberoptic endoscope which is passed during the surgery to the kidney. The fiber-optic is flexible which makes it easy to bend with the renal system and it can easily go into the kidney and ureter. The tube is moved to the ureter to the part which collects urine and then it helps in visualizing different parts of the kidney. Following that, the thin laser fiber is passed through the stone and scope which are powdered into very small particles which makes it easier to wash out with urine or through saline irrigation. The best part of the treatment is, no incision is needed and the patient is given either local or general anesthesia. Our specialist urologist will perform the surgery to give you the best treatment.
The surgery is needed to perform inside the kidney without the need of getting any outside cuts. The instrument is moved up and through the urethra, and then placed into the kidney with the help of a live X-ray i.e. fluoroscopy. The procedure is minimally invasive, and it is a perfect option to treat complex cases with ease. Some of the causes include:
The patient needs to get a regular check-up before the surgery to make sure their health is stable. This surgery can take around 1 to 2 hours. This surgery is required for the patients that have kidney stones measuring 1.5cm in diameter. The patient needs to take proper rest for at least one day after the surgery. Drink plenty of water for proper urine output. The patient will be discharged from the hospital according to his or her condition. Patients will be advised to take the medication for 5 days. One week following the surgery, patients need to visit the doctor again to make sure the stones are cleared from the body.
Many people who once would have needed major surgery to remove kidney stones can be treated with ESWL without a single incision. ESWL is the main noninvasive treatment for kidney stones. It works well for people with smaller stones that can be easily seen with an X-ray. ESWL is not recommended for people with chronic kidney infection, because some fragments may not pass and bacteria will not be completely eliminated from the kidney.
It may also not work as well for those who have a blockage or scar tissue in the ureter, which may prevent stone fragments from passing. Because ESWL is a noninvasive procedure, treatments are usually performed in an outpatient setting, meaning you can go home the same day. A mild anesthetic is usually used to numb the kidney area before the procedure.
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus retrograde intrarenal surgery for the treatment of kidney stones up to 2 cm in patients with solitary kidney: a single centre experience To compare the treatment outcomes between percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for the management of stones larger than 2 cm in patients with solitary kidney. One hundred sixteen patients with a solitary kidney who underwent RIRS or PCNL for large renal stones (>2 cm) between Jan 2010 and Nov 2015 have been considered.
The patients’ characteristics, stone characteristics, operative time, incidence of complications, hospital stay, and stone-free rates (SFR) have been evaluated.
Cystolithotripsy aims at treating urinary bladder stones. It is a therapeutic option indicated for almost all bladder stones, with the exception of the very large ones.
Upon hospital admission, preoperative preparation includes blood tests, chest X-ray and ECG (electrocardiogram).
In case you are on anticoagulant therapy, it may be required to interrupt your anticoagulant therapy a few days before the operation. You should always consult your Cardiologist, for there may be need to replace anticoagulants with injections in the abdominal region.
Cystolithotripsy is performed under general or spinal anesthesia. Initially, the patient is placed in the gynaecological examination position, the genital region gets cleansed and the urethra lubricated. A camera is inserted through the urethra to localize the stones. An instrument attached to the camera, the lithotripter, is used to crush stones into small pieces and remove them. At the end of the procedure, a catheter is placed. In case of hematuria (blood in the urine), there is need for continuous bladder irrigation.
